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技术难点

在业务系统中，UI组件的定制和性能优化是提升用户体验的关键。Ant Design Vue虽然提供了丰富的组件，但在实际项目中往往需要深度定制样式和功能，同时还要保证组件在大数据量下的性能表现。

实现效果

通过对Ant Design Vue组件的深度定制和性能优化，实现了符合业务需求的个性化UI组件，同时保证了在复杂场景下的流畅性能。

示例演示

<template> <div class="antd-customization-demo"> <a-row :gutter="16"> <a-col :span="12"> <a-card title="自定义表格组件" :bordered="false"> <CustomTable :data-source="tableData" :columns="tableColumns" :loading="tableLoading" :pagination="pagination" :scroll="{ x: 1200, y: 400 }" @change="handleTableChange" > <template #customHeader> <div class="custom-table-header"> <a-space> <a-input-search v-model:value="searchText" placeholder="搜索商品..." style="width: 200px" @search="handleSearch" /> <a-select v-model:value="selectedCategory" style="width: 120px" placeholder="分类筛选" > <a-select-option value="">全部</a-select-option> <a-select-option value="electronics">电子产品</a-select-option> <a-select-option value="clothing">服装配饰</a-select-option> <a-select-option value="home">家居用品</a-select-option> </a-select> <a-button @click="refreshData"> <template #icon> <RedoOutlined /> </template> 刷新 </a-button> </a-space> </div> </template> <template #status="{ record }"> <a-tag :color="getStatusColor(record.status)"> {{ getStatusText(record.status) }} </a-tag> </template> <template #price="{ record }"> <span class="price-cell">¥{{ record.price.toFixed(2) }}</span> </template> <template #action="{ record }"> <a-space> <a-button type="link" size="small" @click="editRecord(record)">编辑</a-button> <a-button type="link" size="small" @click="deleteRecord(record)">删除</a-button> </a-space> </template> </CustomTable> </a-card> </a-col> <a-col :span="12"> <a-card title="自定义表单组件" :bordered="false"> <CustomForm :model="formState" :rules="formRules" layout="vertical" @finish="handleFinish" @finishFailed="handleFinishFailed" > <CustomFormItem label="商品名称" name="name"> <a-input v-model:value="formState.name" placeholder="请输入商品名称" /> </CustomFormItem> <CustomFormItem label="商品描述" name="description"> <a-textarea v-model:value="formState.description" placeholder="请输入商品描述" :auto-size="{ minRows: 3, maxRows: 6 }" /> </CustomFormItem> <CustomFormItem label="价格" name="price"> <a-input-number v-model:value="formState.price" :min="0" :step="0.01" addon-before="¥" style="width: 100%" /> </CustomFormItem> <CustomFormItem label="分类" name="category"> <a-select v-model:value="formState.category"> <a-select-option value="electronics">电子产品</a-select-option> <a-select-option value="clothing">服装配饰</a-select-option> <a-select-option value="home">家居用品</a-select-option> </a-select> </CustomFormItem> <CustomFormItem label="标签" name="tags"> <a-select v-model:value="formState.tags" mode="tags" placeholder="请输入标签" > <a-select-option value="热销">热销</a-select-option> <a-select-option value="新品">新品</a-select-option> <a-select-option value="推荐">推荐</a-select-option> </a-select> </CustomFormItem> <CustomFormItem> <a-space> <a-button type="primary" html-type="submit">提交</a-button> <a-button @click="resetForm">重置</a-button> </a-space> </CustomFormItem> </CustomForm> </a-card> <a-card title="自定义图表组件" :bordered="false" style="margin-top: 16px"> <CustomChart :data="chartData" :options="chartOptions" style="height: 300px" /> </a-card> </a-col> </a-row> </div> </template> <script setup> import { ref, reactive, onMounted } from 'vue'; import { message } from 'ant-design-vue'; import { RedoOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons-vue'; // 自定义组件导入 import CustomTable from './components/CustomTable.vue'; import CustomForm from './components/CustomForm.vue'; import CustomFormItem from './components/CustomFormItem.vue'; import CustomChart from './components/CustomChart.vue'; // 表格相关数据 const searchText = ref(''); const selectedCategory = ref(''); const tableData = ref([]); const tableLoading = ref(false); const tableColumns = [ { title: '商品名称', dataIndex: 'name', width: 200, fixed: 'left' }, { title: '分类', dataIndex: 'category', width: 120 }, { title: '价格', dataIndex: 'price', width: 120, slots: { customRender: 'price' } }, { title: '库存', dataIndex: 'stock', width: 100 }, { title: '状态', dataIndex: 'status', width: 120, slots: { customRender: 'status' } }, { title: '创建时间', dataIndex: 'createTime', width: 180 }, { title: '操作', dataIndex: 'action', width: 150, fixed: 'right', slots: { customRender: 'action' } } ]; const pagination = reactive({ current: 1, pageSize: 10, total: 0, showSizeChanger: true, showQuickJumper: true, showTotal: (total) => `共 ${total} 条记录` }); // 表单相关数据 const formState = reactive({ name: '', description: '', price: 0, category: 'electronics', tags: [] }); const formRules = { name: [{ required: true, message: '请输入商品名称' }], price: [{ required: true, message: '请输入价格' }], category: [{ required: true, message: '请选择分类' }] }; // 图表相关数据 const chartData = ref([]); const chartOptions = { tooltip: { trigger: 'axis' }, xAxis: { type: 'category', data: ['周一', '周二', '周三', '周四', '周五', '周六', '周日'] }, yAxis: { type: 'value' }, series: [{ data: [120, 200, 150, 80, 70, 110, 130], type: 'bar' }] }; // 加载表格数据 const loadTableData = async (params = {}) => { tableLoading.value = true; try { // 模拟API调用 await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 800)); // 生成模拟数据 const data = Array.from({ length: 50 }, (_, index) => ({ id: index + 1, name: `商品 ${index + 1}`, category: ['electronics', 'clothing', 'home'][Math.floor(Math.random() * 3)], price: Math.random() * 1000, stock: Math.floor(Math.random() * 100), status: ['active', 'inactive', 'pending'][Math.floor(Math.random() * 3)], createTime: new Date(Date.now() - Math.random() * 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000).toLocaleDateString() })); tableData.value = data; pagination.total = data.length; } catch (error) { console.error('加载数据失败:', error); message.error('加载数据失败'); } finally { tableLoading.value = false; } }; // 处理表格变化 const handleTableChange = (pag, filters, sorter) => { pagination.current = pag.current; pagination.pageSize = pag.pageSize; }; // 处理搜索 const handleSearch = (value) => { console.log('搜索:', value); message.info(`搜索关键词: ${value}`); }; // 刷新数据 const refreshData = () => { loadTableData(); message.success('数据已刷新'); }; // 获取状态颜色 const getStatusColor = (status) => { const colorMap = { active: 'green', inactive: 'red', pending: 'orange' }; return colorMap[status] || 'default'; }; // 获取状态文本 const getStatusText = (status) => { const textMap = { active: '在售', inactive: '下架', pending: '待审核' }; return textMap[status] || status; }; // 编辑记录 const editRecord = (record) => { console.log('编辑记录:', record); message.info(`编辑商品: ${record.name}`); }; // 删除记录 const deleteRecord = (record) => { console.log('删除记录:', record); message.info(`删除商品: ${record.name}`); }; // 处理表单提交 const handleFinish = (values) => { console.log('表单提交:', values); message.success('表单提交成功'); }; // 处理表单提交失败 const handleFinishFailed = (errors) => { console.log('表单验证失败:', errors); message.error('请检查表单填写是否正确'); }; // 重置表单 const resetForm = () => { Object.assign(formState, { name: '', description: '', price: 0, category: 'electronics', tags: [] }); }; // 加载图表数据 const loadChartData = async () => { try { // 模拟API调用 await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 500)); // 生成模拟数据 chartData.value = Array.from({ length: 7 }, (_, index) => ({ name: ['周一', '周二', '周三', '周四', '周五', '周六', '周日'][index], value: Math.floor(Math.random() * 300) + 50 })); } catch (error) { console.error('加载图表数据失败:', error); } }; // 组件挂载时加载数据 onMounted(() => { loadTableData(); loadChartData(); }); </script> <style scoped> .custom-table-header { padding: 16px; background: #fafafa; border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0; } .price-cell { font-weight: bold; color: #ff6b35; } :deep(.ant-table-wrapper) { border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; } :deep(.ant-table-thead > tr > th) { background: #f0f2f5; font-weight: 600; } </style>

<!-- components/CustomTable.vue --> <template> <div class="custom-table-wrapper"> <!-- 自定义头部 --> <slot name="customHeader"></slot> <!-- Ant Design Table --> <a-table v-bind="$attrs" :class="tableClass" @change="handleChange" > <template #[slot]="scope" v-for="(slot, slot) in $slots" :key="slot"> <slot :name="slot" v-bind="scope"></slot> </template> </a-table> </div> </template> <script setup> import { computed } from 'vue'; // 继承所有属性 defineProps({ // 所有Ant Design Table的属性都会被继承 }); // 定义事件 const emit = defineEmits(['change']); // 计算表格类名 const tableClass = computed(() => { return [ 'custom-table', // 可以根据需要添加更多类名 ]; }); // 处理表格变化 const handleChange = (pagination, filters, sorter, extra) => { emit('change', pagination, filters, sorter, extra); }; </script> <style scoped> .custom-table-wrapper { background: #fff; border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; } .custom-table :deep(.ant-table) { border: none; } .custom-table :deep(.ant-table-thead > tr > th) { background: #fafafa; font-weight: 500; color: #333; } .custom-table :deep(.ant-table-tbody > tr:hover > td) { background: #f5f7ff; } .custom-table :deep(.ant-table-pagination) { padding: 16px; background: #fff; margin: 0; } </style>

解决方案

1. 组件封装与扩展：通过继承和插槽机制扩展现有组件功能

2. 样式深度定制：使用CSS变量和深度选择器实现个性化样式

3. 性能优化策略：采用虚拟滚动、懒加载等技术优化大数据量组件性能

// Ant Design Vue组件定制工具import{ref,computed}from'vue';// 创建自定义组件工厂classCustomComponentFactory{constructor(){this.components=newMap();this.themes=newMap();}// 注册自定义组件registerComponent(name,baseComponent,customizations){constcustomizedComponent={...baseComponent,...customizations,name:`Custom${name}`};this.components.set(name,customizedComponent);returncustomizedComponent;}// 应用主题applyTheme(componentName,theme){if(!this.themes.has(componentName)){this.themes.set(componentName,{});}constcurrentTheme=this.themes.get(componentName);Object.assign(currentTheme,theme);}// 获取自定义组件getComponent(name){returnthis.components.get(name);}// 获取主题样式getThemeStyles(componentName){returnthis.themes.get(componentName)||{};}}// 虚拟滚动管理器classVirtualScrollManager{constructor(options={}){this.itemHeight=options.itemHeight||50;this.bufferSize=options.bufferSize||5;this.visibleCount=0;this.containerHeight=0;}// 初始化容器initContainer(containerElement){this.container=containerElement;this.containerHeight=containerElement.clientHeight;this.visibleCount=Math.ceil(this.containerHeight/this.itemHeight);// 绑定滚动事件this.container.addEventListener('scroll',this.handleScroll.bind(this));}// 处理滚动handleScroll(event){constscrollTop=event.target.scrollTop;conststartIndex=Math.max(0,Math.floor(scrollTop/this.itemHeight)-this.bufferSize);constendIndex=Math.min(this.totalItems,startIndex+this.visibleCount+this.bufferSize*2);// 触发更新事件if(this.onUpdate){this.onUpdate({startIndex,endIndex,offsetY:startIndex*this.itemHeight});}}// 设置总项目数setTotalItems(count){this.totalItems=count;}// 更新容器尺寸updateContainerSize(){if(this.container){this.containerHeight=this.container.clientHeight;this.visibleCount=Math.ceil(this.containerHeight/this.itemHeight);}}}// 性能监控工具classComponentPerformanceMonitor{constructor(){this.metrics=newMap();this.observer=null;}// 开始监控startMonitoring(componentName){if(!this.metrics.has(componentName)){this.metrics.set(componentName,{renderCount:0,totalTime:0,averageTime:0,maxTime:0});}constmetric=this.metrics.get(componentName);conststartTime=performance.now();return()=>{constendTime=performance.now();constrenderTime=endTime-startTime;metric.renderCount++;metric.totalTime+=renderTime;metric.averageTime=metric.totalTime/metric.renderCount;metric.maxTime=Math.max(metric.maxTime,renderTime);};}// 获取性能指标getMetrics(componentName){returnthis.metrics.get(componentName);}// 重置指标resetMetrics(componentName){if(componentName){this.metrics.delete(componentName);}else{this.metrics.clear();}}// 监控DOM变化observeDOM(element,callback){if(!window.MutationObserver)return;this.observer=newMutationObserver(callback);this.observer.observe(element,{childList:true,subtree:true,attributes:true});}// 停止监控disconnect(){if(this.observer){this.observer.disconnect();this.observer=null;}}}// 使用示例/* import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue'; import { CustomComponentFactory, VirtualScrollManager, ComponentPerformanceMonitor } from '@/utils/antd-customization'; export default { setup() { // 创建组件工厂 const componentFactory = new CustomComponentFactory(); // 创建虚拟滚动管理器 const virtualScroll = new VirtualScrollManager({ itemHeight: 60, bufferSize: 10 }); // 创建性能监控器 const perfMonitor = new ComponentPerformanceMonitor(); // 创建自定义表格组件 const CustomTable = componentFactory.registerComponent('Table', AntTable, { props: { // 扩展属性 customHeader: { type: Boolean, default: false } }, setup(props, { slots }) { // 自定义逻辑 return () => { // 性能监控开始 const endPerfMonitor = perfMonitor.startMonitoring('CustomTable'); // 渲染逻辑 const vnode = h(AntTable, props, slots); // 性能监控结束 endPerfMonitor(); return vnode; }; } }); // 初始化虚拟滚动 const initVirtualScroll = (container) => { virtualScroll.initContainer(container); virtualScroll.setTotalItems(10000); // 假设有10000条数据 }; onUnmounted(() => { perfMonitor.disconnect(); }); return { CustomTable, initVirtualScroll }; } }; */