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文章目录

• • • !
    • !=
    • %
    • &
    • *
    • +
    • -
    • /
    • <
    • <<
    • <=
    • <=>
    • <>
    • =
    • ==
    • >
    • >=
    • >>
    • >>>
    • ^
    • |
    • ||
    • ~

!

! expr - Logical not.

Examples:

> SELECT ! true;
false
> SELECT ! false;
true
> SELECT ! NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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!=

expr1 != expr2 - Returns true if expr1 is not equal to expr2, or false otherwise.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be used in equality comparison. Map type is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 1 != 2;
true
> SELECT 1 != '2';
true
> SELECT true != NULL;
NULL
> SELECT NULL != NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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%

expr1 % expr2, or mod(expr1, expr2) - Returns the remainder after expr1/expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 % 1.8;
0.2
> SELECT MOD(2, 1.8);
0.2

Since: 1.0.0

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&

expr1 & expr2 - Returns the result of bitwise AND of expr1 and expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 3 & 5;
1

Since: 1.4.0

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*

expr1 * expr2 - Returns expr1*expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 * 3;
6

Since: 1.0.0

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+

expr1 + expr2 - Returns expr1+expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 1 + 2;
3

Since: 1.0.0

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-

expr1 - expr2 - Returns expr1-expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 - 1;
1

Since: 1.0.0

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/

expr1 / expr2 - Returns expr1/expr2. It always performs floating point division.

Examples:

> SELECT 3 / 2;
1.5
> SELECT 2L / 2L;
1.0

Since: 1.0.0

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<

expr1 < expr2 - Returns true if expr1 is less than expr2.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be ordered. For example, map type is not orderable, so it is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 1 < 2;
true
> SELECT 1.1 < '1';
false
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') < to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52');
false
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') < to_date('2009-08-01 04:17:52');
true
> SELECT 1 < NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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<<

base << exp - Bitwise left shift.

Examples:

> SELECT shiftleft(2, 1);
4
> SELECT 2 << 1;
4

Note:

<< operator is added in Spark 4.0.0 as an alias for shiftleft.

Since: 4.0.0

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<=

expr1 <= expr2 - Returns true if expr1 is less than or equal to expr2.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be ordered. For example, map type is not orderable, so it is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 <= 2;
true
> SELECT 1.0 <= '1';
true
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') <= to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52');
true
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') <= to_date('2009-08-01 04:17:52');
true
> SELECT 1 <= NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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<=>

expr1 <=> expr2 - Returns same result as the EQUAL(=) operator for non-null operands, but returns true if both are null, false if one of the them is null.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be used in equality comparison. Map type is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 <=> 2;
true
> SELECT 1 <=> '1';
true
> SELECT true <=> NULL;
false
> SELECT NULL <=> NULL;
true

Since: 1.1.0

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<>

expr1 != expr2 - Returns true if expr1 is not equal to expr2, or false otherwise.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be used in equality comparison. Map type is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 1 != 2;
true
> SELECT 1 != '2';
true
> SELECT true != NULL;
NULL
> SELECT NULL != NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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=

expr1 = expr2 - Returns true if expr1 equals expr2, or false otherwise.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be used in equality comparison. Map type is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 = 2;
true
> SELECT 1 = '1';
true
> SELECT true = NULL;
NULL
> SELECT NULL = NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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==

expr1 == expr2 - Returns true if expr1 equals expr2, or false otherwise.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be used in equality comparison. Map type is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 == 2;
true
> SELECT 1 == '1';
true
> SELECT true == NULL;
NULL
> SELECT NULL == NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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>

expr1 > expr2 - Returns true if expr1 is greater than expr2.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be ordered. For example, map type is not orderable, so it is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 > 1;
true
> SELECT 2 > 1.1;
true
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') > to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52');
false
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') > to_date('2009-08-01 04:17:52');
false
> SELECT 1 > NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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>=

expr1 >= expr2 - Returns true if expr1 is greater than or equal to expr2.

Arguments:

• expr1, expr2 - the two expressions must be same type or can be casted to a common type, and must be a type that can be ordered. For example, map type is not orderable, so it is not supported. For complex types such array/struct, the data types of fields must be orderable.

Examples:

> SELECT 2 >= 1;
true
> SELECT 2.0 >= '2.1';
false
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') >= to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52');
true
> SELECT to_date('2009-07-30 04:17:52') >= to_date('2009-08-01 04:17:52');
false
> SELECT 1 >= NULL;
NULL

Since: 1.0.0

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>>

base >> expr - Bitwise (signed) right shift.

Examples:

> SELECT shiftright(4, 1);
2
> SELECT 4 >> 1;
2

Note:

>> operator is added in Spark 4.0.0 as an alias for shiftright.

Since: 4.0.0

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>>>

base >>> expr - Bitwise unsigned right shift.

Examples:

> SELECT shiftrightunsigned(4, 1);
2
> SELECT 4 >>> 1;
2

Note:

>>> operator is added in Spark 4.0.0 as an alias for shiftrightunsigned.

Since: 4.0.0

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^

expr1 ^ expr2 - Returns the result of bitwise exclusive OR of expr1 and expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 3 ^ 5;
6

Since: 1.4.0

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|

expr1 | expr2 - Returns the result of bitwise OR of expr1 and expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 3 | 5;
7

Since: 1.4.0

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||

expr1 || expr2 - Returns the concatenation of expr1 and expr2.

Examples:

> SELECT 'Spark' || 'SQL';
SparkSQL
> SELECT array(1, 2, 3) || array(4, 5) || array(6);
[1,2,3,4,5,6]

Note:

|| for arrays is available since 2.4.0.

Since: 2.3.0

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~

~ expr - Returns the result of bitwise NOT of expr.

Examples:

> SELECT ~ 0;
-1

Since: 1.4.0

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