专题:解方程 \(\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad\) 题型:数形结合 \(\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad\) 难度系数:★★
【题目】
(2013年湛江一中自主招生) 已知关于\(x\)的方程为\(\dfrac{1}{|x|} +x^2=2x+ \dfrac{3|x|}{x}\),则该方程实数解的个数是( )
A.1 \(\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad\) B.2 \(\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad\) C.3 \(\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad\) D.4
【分析】
方程有两个特点,一是含有绝对值,较容易想到利用\(|x|=\left\{ \begin{array}{c} x, x≥0\\ -x,x<0 \end{array} \right. \)进行分类讨论去掉绝对值;
二是含有分母,那自然想到去分母,但会遇到困难,比如\(x>0\)时,方程化为\(\dfrac{1}{x} +x^2=2x+3\),去分母后得到\(x^3-2x^2-3x+1=0\),这是个一元三次方程,初中没学过,也可尝试利用因式分解把方程求解出来,但由于题目只问到方程解的个数,应该不会是这个思路;
若我们细心观察方程\(\dfrac{1}{x} +x^2=2x+3\)可化为\(\dfrac{1}{x} =-x^2+2x+3\),那方程解的个数就是\(y= \dfrac{1}{x}\)和\(y=-x^2+2x+3\)的图象交点个数.此时思路就打通了.
【解答】
(1)当\(x>0\)时,方程\(\dfrac{1}{|x|} +x^2=2x+ \dfrac{3|x|}{x}\)可化为:\(\dfrac{1}{x} +x^2=2x+3\),,即\(\dfrac{1}{x} =-x^2+2x+3\),
由\(y= \dfrac{1}{x}\)和\(y=-x^2+2x+3\)的图象在\(x>0\)时有两个交点,
(这里充分体现了方程与函数思想、数形结合思想)

可得当\(x>0\)时,\(\dfrac{1}{x} =-x^2+2x+3\)有两个解,即方程\(\dfrac{1}{|x|} +x^2=2x+ \dfrac{3|x|}{x}\)有两个解,
(2) 当\(x<0\)时,方程\(\dfrac{1}{|x|} +x^2=2x+ \dfrac{3|x|}{x}\)可化为:\(- \dfrac{1}{x} +x^2=2x-3\),即\(\dfrac{1}{x} =x^2-2x+3\),
由\(y= \dfrac{1}{x}\)和\(y=x^2-2x+3\)的图象在\(x<0\)时没有交点,

可得当\(x<0\)时,\(\dfrac{1}{x} =x^2-2x+3\)无解,即方程\(\dfrac{1}{|x|} +x^2=2x+ \dfrac{3|x|}{x}\)无解,
综上所述方程\(\dfrac{1}{|x|} +x^2=2x+ \dfrac{3|x|}{x}\)有两个解,
故选:\(B\).