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Type-safe configuration in Java/Spring Boot requires several key elements:

Core Requirements

1. Strong Typing

• 1. Use specific data types (String, int, boolean, List) instead of generic Object or String for everything
• 2. Define proper Java classes with typed fields
• 3. Avoid raw types and use generics where applicable

2. Configuration Properties Class

@ConfigurationProperties("app.config")
public class TypeSafeConfig {private String name;private int port;private List<String> roles;// getters/setters or constructor
}

3. Registration Mechanism
You need one of these approaches:

• @ConfigurationPropertiesScan (as in your main class)
• @EnableConfigurationProperties(YourClass.class)
• @Component on the properties class

4. Validation Support

@ConfigurationProperties("app")
@Validated
public class ValidatedConfig {@NotNull@Size(min = 1)private String name;@Min(1024)@Max(65535)private int port;}

Additional Type Safety Features
Constructor Binding (as in your AppProperties):

1. Immutable objects with @ConstructorBinding
2. Final fields prevent modification
3. Constructor parameter validation

Nested Properties:

1. Type-safe nested objects
2. Proper encapsulation of related configuration

Default Values:

1. @DefaultValue for constructor parameters
2. Field-level defaults in regular properties

Conversion Support:

1. Automatic type conversion (String to int, Duration, etc.)
2. Custom converters for complex types

Benefits of Type Safety

1. Compile-time checking: Catch configuration errors early
2. IDE support: Auto-completion and refactoring
3. Runtime validation: Fail fast on startup with invalid config
4. Documentation: Self-documenting through types and validation annotations
5. Refactoring safety: Changes propagate through the codebase

The setup with @ConfigurationPropertiesScan and the AppProperties class with @ConstructorBinding will provide strong type safety for configuration properties.