中文释义	英文表达	核心特点 / 适用场景	典型搭配 / 例句
鲜为人知	little-known	通用，可修饰人 / 事物，书面口语均可	a little-known artist例句：This little-known village has beautiful architecture.
obscure	正式，因偏僻 / 久远而不为人知	an obscure novel例句：The truth has been obscured by rumors.
hardly known to the public	客观直白，强调未被大众知晓	例句：The scientist’s early research is hardly known to the public.
遮挡	block	通用，侧重阻挡视线 / 光线 / 道路	block the view/sunlight例句：The building blocks the sea view.
shield	正式，侧重为保护而遮挡	shield sb from the sun/rain例句：She shielded the child from the rain.
cover	侧重遮盖表面，隐藏或保护	cover the food with a cloth例句：Please cover the wound with a bandage.
obscure	侧重使视线模糊，不完全遮挡	例句：Fog obscured the mountain tops.
screen	侧重用遮挡物隔离空间	screen the room from wind例句：A curtain screens the sleeping area.
执法	law enforcement	通用正式，指执法行为 / 体系	law enforcement agencies/officers例句：The government strengthened law enforcement.
enforce the law	动词短语，强调执行法律的动作	例句：Police are duty-bound to enforce the law.
administer the law	正式书面，侧重依法管理施行	例句：Courts must administer the law fairly.
execute the law	正式，侧重落实法律条文	例句：The judicial system executes the law strictly.
士气	morale	最通用，指群体斗志 / 信心	boost/low/maintain morale例句：The coach’s speech lifted team morale.
spirit	口语化，指集体精神风貌	team/fighting spirit例句：The competition built up department spirit.
esprit de corps	正式格调，强调集体归属感	例句：Training fostered strong esprit de corps.
仔细查看	examine	正式，侧重系统严谨检查细节	examine a document/crime scene例句：The detective examined every corner.
inspect	侧重检查是否符合标准	inspect a factory/equipment例句：The safety officer will inspect the factory.
scrutinize	正式，侧重极其细致审视	scrutinize a contract/data例句：The committee will scrutinize the proposal.
look over	口语化，快速全面浏览	look over a resume/report例句：Could you look over my resume?
go through	侧重从头到尾逐一梳理	go through the files/list例句：She went through old letters all afternoon.
厉行克制	exercise restraint	通用正式，主动践行克制	例句：We must exercise restraint in the face of provocation.
practice self-restraint	突出自我约束情绪 / 冲动	例句：Public figures should practice self-restraint.
exercise self-control	口语化，强调行为掌控力	例句：He exercised self-control and didn’t lose temper.
保持冷静	keep calm	简洁常用，口语书面均可	例句：Keep calm and call for help in an emergency.
stay calm	强调维持冷静状态	例句：She stayed calm when hearing the bad news.
remain composed	正式，强调情绪稳定镇定	例句：The leader remained composed during the crisis.
keep one's cool	口语化，紧张时不慌乱	例句：It’s hard to keep your cool when annoyed.
由…… 推荐	recommended by sb/sth	通用被动句式，人 / 机构均可	a product recommended by a friend例句：This restaurant was recommended by my colleague.
on the recommendation of sb/sth	正式，基于某人 / 物的推荐	例句：We chose the hotel on the travel agency’s recommendation.
suggested by sb	口语化，日常提议推荐	例句：The movie was suggested by my cousin.
come highly recommended by sb	强调强烈推崇，带积极评价	例句：The dentist comes highly recommended by patients.
字迹模糊的、难以辨认的	illegible	最常用，特指字迹潦草 / 印刷不清	illegible handwriting/signature例句：The doctor’s prescription was illegible.
indecipherable	语气强，指极其模糊难破解	indecipherable notes/hieroglyphs例句：The old letter’s words were indecipherable.
faint	侧重颜色浅淡 / 褪色导致模糊	faint pencil marks/writing例句：The address was too faint to read.
blurred	侧重物理磨损 / 污渍导致模糊	blurred text/handwriting例句：Smudged ink left the sentence blurred.
scrambled	口语化，字迹杂乱无章	例句：His homework had scrambled words.
反复出现	recur	正式，周期性、规律性重复	symptoms that recur例句：The problem will recur without root cause fix.
reappear	通用，消失后再次出现	例句：The rare bird reappeared after a decade.
occur repeatedly	客观直白，强调多次出现	mistakes that occur repeatedly例句：Accidents occur repeatedly due to poor safety.
crop up repeatedly	口语化，问题意外频繁冒出	例句：Technical glitches crop up repeatedly in the software.
死亡人数	death toll	最通用，灾害 / 事故累计死亡数	death toll rises/reaches/exceeds例句：The earthquake’s death toll exceeded 200.
number of deaths	中性直白，适用所有统计场景	exact number of deaths例句：The report recorded deaths from heart disease.
fatalities	正式书面，事故 / 战争 / 灾害死亡数	traffic/military fatalities例句：The crash had no fatalities, only injuries.
mortality count	专业，医学 / 统计学死亡统计	disease mortality count例句：The disease’s mortality count declined with vaccine.
其他重点单词	whoop（n./v.）	欢呼；喘息声；快速移动	a whoop of joy; whoop with delight例句：Children whooped at the ice cream truck.
extrapolate（v.）	正式，基于已知推导未知趋势	extrapolate from data; extrapolate a trend例句：We can extrapolate sales trends from data.
detract（v.）	正式，减损价值 / 吸引力	detract from quality/elegance例句：Spelling mistakes don’t detract from the essay.
protract（v.）	正式，无意义拖延（含消极义）	protract a meeting/negotiation例句：Don’t protract the meeting—we’re busy.
extract（v./n.）	提取；摘录；提取物	extract essence; an extract from a novel例句：The factory extracts vanilla essence from beans.