oop实验六
实验六
test1
源代码:
1 #pragma once 2 #include <iomanip> 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <string> 5 6 struct Contestant { 7 long id; // 学号 8 std::string name; // 姓名 9 std::string major; // 专业 10 int solved; // 解题数 11 int penalty; // 总罚时 12 }; 13 14 // 重载<< 15 // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符 16 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) { 17 out << std::left; 18 out << std::setw(15) << c.id 19 << std::setw(15) << c.name 20 << std::setw(15) << c.major 21 << std::setw(10) << c.solved 22 << std::setw(10) << c.penalty; 23 24 return out; 25 } 26 27 // 重载>> 28 inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) { 29 in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty; 30 31 return in; 32 }
1 #include <algorithm> 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <stdexcept> 4 #include <vector> 5 #include "contestant.hpp" 6 #include "utils.hpp" 7 8 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; 9 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; 10 11 void app() { 12 std::vector<Contestant> contestants; 13 14 try { 15 contestants = load(in_file); 16 std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); 17 print(contestants); 18 save(out_file, contestants); 19 } catch (const std::exception& e) { 20 std::cerr << e.what() << '\n'; 21 return; 22 } 23 } 24 25 int main() { 26 app(); 27 }
1 #pragma once 2 #include <fstream> 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <stdexcept> 5 #include <string> 6 #include <vector> 7 #include "contestant.hpp" 8 9 // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序 10 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) { 11 if(a.solved != b.solved) 12 return a.solved > b.solved; 13 14 return a.penalty < b.penalty; 15 } 16 17 // 将结果写至任意输出流 18 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 19 for (const auto& x : v) 20 os << x << '\n'; 21 } 22 23 // 将结果打印到屏幕 24 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 25 write(std::cout, v); 26 } 27 28 // 将结果保存到文件 29 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 30 std::ofstream os(filename); 31 if (!os) 32 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 33 34 write(os, v); 35 } 36 37 // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行) 38 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) { 39 std::ifstream is(filename); 40 if (!is) 41 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 42 43 std::string line; 44 std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题 45 46 std::vector<Contestant> v; 47 Contestant t; 48 int seq; 49 while (is >> seq >> t) 50 v.push_back(t); 51 52 return v; 53 }
运行结果:


问题:
1.(1)因为 std::cout 和 std::ofstream 都是 std::ostream 的派生类,基类引用可绑定派生类对象。
(2)不需要改动
2.(1)打开文件失败时
(2)因被 app () 函数的 try-catch 捕获,输出错误信息并终止后续操作
3.可以替换,功能、结果完全一致
4

load() 函数会读取 data_bad.txt,此时 utils.hpp 中的 load 函数未修改,导致程序提前终止
实验二
test2
源代码:
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <string> 5 6 class Student { 7 public: 8 Student() = default; 9 ~Student() = default; 10 11 const std::string get_major() const; 12 int get_grade() const; 13 14 friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s); 15 friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s); 16 17 private: 18 int id; 19 std::string name; 20 std::string major; 21 int grade; // 0-100 22 };
1 #include "student.hpp" 2 3 const std::string Student::get_major() const { 4 return major; 5 } 6 7 int Student::get_grade() const { 8 return grade; 9 } 10 11 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s) { 12 os << s.id << ' ' << s.name << ' ' << s.major << ' ' << s.grade; 13 return os; 14 } 15 16 std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s) { 17 is >> s.id >> s.name >> s.major >> s.grade; 18 return is; 19 }
1 #pragma once 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include "student.hpp" 5 6 class StuMgr { 7 public: 8 void load(const std::string& file); // 加载数据文件(空格分隔) 9 void sort(); // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序 10 void print() const; // 打印到屏幕 11 void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件 12 13 private: 14 void write(std::ostream &os) const; // 把数据写到任意输出流 15 16 private: 17 std::vector<Student> students; 18 };
1 #include "stumgr.hpp" 2 #include <fstream> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 #include <sstream> 5 void StuMgr::write(std::ostream &os) const // 把数据写到任意输出流 6 { 7 for (const auto& student : students) { 8 os << student << '\n'; 9 } 10 } 11 12 void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file) // 加载数据文件(空格分隔) 13 { 14 15 std::ifstream is(file); 16 if (!is.is_open()) { 17 throw std::runtime_error("无法打开文件: " + file); 18 } 19 20 students.clear(); 21 std::string line; 22 std::getline(is, line); 23 24 Student t; 25 int line_no = 1; 26 27 while (std::getline(is, line)) { 28 ++line_no; 29 std::istringstream ss(line); 30 if(!(ss >> t)) 31 { 32 std::cerr << "[load warning] bad line " << line_no 33 << ": " << line << '\n'; 34 continue; 35 }else if(t.get_grade() < 0 || t.get_grade() > 100) 36 { 37 std::cerr << "[load warning] invalid grade at line " << line_no 38 << ": " << line << '\n'; 39 continue; 40 } 41 students.push_back(t); 42 } 43 44 } 45 46 void StuMgr::sort() // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序 47 { 48 if (students.empty()) { 49 throw std::runtime_error("没有加载任何学生数据,无法排序"); 50 return; 51 } 52 std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), 53 [](const Student& a, const Student& b) { 54 if (a.get_major() != b.get_major()) { 55 return a.get_major() < b.get_major(); 56 } 57 return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade(); 58 }); 59 } 60 61 void StuMgr::print() const // 打印到屏幕 62 { 63 if (students.empty()) { 64 throw std::runtime_error("没有加载任何学生数据,无法打印"); 65 return; 66 } 67 write(std::cout); 68 } 69 70 void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file) const // 保存到文件 71 { 72 if(students.empty()) { 73 throw std::runtime_error("没有加载任何学生数据,无法保存"); 74 return; 75 } 76 77 std::ofstream out(file); 78 if(!out) 79 { 80 throw std::runtime_error("无法打开文件: " + file); 81 } 82 write(out); 83 }
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <limits> 3 #include <string> 4 #include "stumgr.hpp" 5 6 const std::string in_file = "./data_bad.txt"; 7 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; 8 9 void menu() { 10 std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n" 11 "1. 加载文件\n" 12 "2. 排序\n" 13 "3. 打印到屏幕\n" 14 "4. 保存到文件\n" 15 "5. 退出\n" 16 "请选择:"; 17 } 18 19 void app() { 20 StuMgr mgr; 21 22 while(true) { 23 menu(); 24 int choice; 25 std::cin >> choice; 26 27 try { 28 switch (choice) { 29 case 1: mgr.load(in_file); 30 std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break; 31 case 2: mgr.sort(); 32 std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break; 33 case 3: mgr.print(); 34 std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break; 35 case 4: mgr.save(out_file); 36 std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break; 37 case 5: return; 38 default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n"; 39 } 40 } 41 catch (const std::exception& e) { 42 std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n'; 43 } 44 } 45 } 46 47 int main() { 48 app(); 49 }
运算结果:



