20260407系统间复制文档

系统间复制文档一、windows与Linux1. 使用 ftp 相关工具提示前提条件是Linux服务器开启了sshd 服务。2. 使用 lrzsz提示前提条件是Linux服务器安装了lrzsz工具。适合传送小文件因为速度慢。sz file传输文件到windows中。rz file上传到Linux中直接拖拽方式更方便。二、Linux与Linux全量传输每次传输都是完整的传输不支持比对传输。# 系统主机名存储位置[rootserver1 ~11:33:49]# cat /etc/hostnameserver1.jiang.cloud# 将文件传输到server2的/root目录# server2要能够解析成ip[rootserver1 ~14:52:08]# scp /etc/hostname server2:/rootrootserver2s password: hostname 100% 20 20.7KB/s 00:00 [rootserver1 ~ 14:52:35]# ssh server2 cat /root/hostname rootserver2s password: server1.jiang.cloud# 如果之前配置过秘钥登录则不需要输入密码就可以同步# 复制目录需要-r选项[rootserver1 ~14:52:56]# scp -r /etc/yum server2:/tmprootserver2s password: contentdir 100% 7 3.6KB/s 00:00 infra 100% 6 2.5KB/s 00:00 fastestmirror.conf 100% 279 394.1KB/s 00:00 langpacks.conf 100% 385 47.8KB/s 00:00 systemd.conf 100% 8 4.9KB/s 00:00 version-groups.conf 100% 444 235.6KB/s 00:00 # 也可以拉取文件 [rootserver1 ~ 14:53:23]# scp server2:/etc/hostname /tmp rootserver2s password:hostname100%2015.8KB/s 00:00[rootserver1 ~14:53:56]# cat /tmp/hostnameserver2.jiang.cloud[rootserver1 ~14:54:04]#1. rsync全量和增量同步每次传输的时候比对目标位置是否有相同的文件。如果有相同的文件不传输。推荐创建免密登录# 准备文件[rootserver1 ~15:00:51]# mkdir Picturs[rootserver1 ~15:11:10]# touch Picturs/snap-{1..6}.jpg#同步目录[rootserver1 ~15:11:31]# rsync -av Picturs server2:/rootrootserver2s password: sending incremental file list Picturs/ Picturs/snap-1.jpg Picturs/snap-2.jpg Picturs/snap-3.jpg Picturs/snap-4.jpg Picturs/snap-5.jpg Picturs/snap-6.jpg # 选项 -a 归档模式 # 选项 -v 显示详细过程 sent 407 bytes received 134 bytes 360.67 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 # 第二次同步没有变化所以不用同步 [rootserver1 ~ 15:11:58]# rsync -av Picturs server2:/root sending incremental file list sent 166 bytes received 17 bytes 122.00 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 # 更新文件时间戳 [rootserver1 ~ 15:12:44]# touch Picturs/snap-3.jpg # 只同步变化的文件 [rootserver1 ~ 15:12:59]# rsync -av Picturs server2:/root sending incremental file list Picturs/snap-3.jpg sent 217 bytes received 36 bytes 101.20 bytes/sec total size is 0 speedup is 0.00 # 同步内容发生变化的文件 [rootserver1 ~ 15:13:25]# echo hello world Picturs/snap-6.jpg [rootserver1 ~ 15:13:48]# rsync -av Picturs server2:/root sending incremental file list Picturs/snap-6.jpg sent 236 bytes received 36 bytes 181.33 bytes/sec total size is 12 speedup is 0.04 # rsync也支持拉取文件。 [rootserver1 ~ 15:14:07]# rsync -av server2:/root/Picturs /tmp rootserver2s password: Permission denied, please try again. rootserver2s password: receiving incrementalfilelist Picturs/ Picturs/snap-1.jpg Picturs/snap-2.jpg Picturs/snap-3.jpg Picturs/snap-4.jpg Picturs/snap-5.jpg Picturs/snap-6.jpg sent142bytes received434bytes76.80bytes/sec total size is12speedup is0.02[rootserver1 ~15:14:43]#三、周期性计划作业定个闹钟每天 7:00 起床。计算机也要定时要完成自己的事情每天巡检系统资源使用情况。每小时检查一次异常日志。每天夜里 0:00 备份数据。crond 服务提供定制任务功能定期触发执行相应命令。实践每分钟同步一次上一章节创建的Pictures目录到server2.步骤1确保crond服务启动[rootserver1 ~15:14:43]# systemctl is-active crondactive步骤2设置定时任务# 查看当前定时任务[rootserver1 ~15:45:55]# crontab -lnocrontabforroot# 设置vim作为默认编辑器[rootserver1 ~15:46:07]# export EDITORvim# 编辑定时任务[rootserver1 ~15:46:30]# crontab -e# 弹出vim编辑文件* * * * *rsync-avPictures server2:/root# 提前配置好密钥登陆[rootserver1 ~16:05:15]# ssh-keygenGenerating public/private rsa key pair. Enterfileinwhichto save the key(/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists. Overwrite(y/n)? You have new mailin/var/spool/mail/root[rootserver1 ~16:06:17]# ssh-copy-id rootserver2/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s)to be installed:/root/.ssh/id_rsa /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are promptto install the new keys rootserver2s password: Permission denied, please try again. rootserver2s password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: sshrootserver2 and check tomakesure that only the key(s)you wanted were added.# 验证密钥登陆[rootserver1 ~16:06:46]# ssh server2 hostnameserver2.jiang.cloud# 查看默认编辑文件[rootserver1 ~15:48:56]# crontab -l* * * * *rsync-avPictures server2:/root# 创建一个文件[rootserver1 ~16:07:09]# touch Pictures/snap-7.jpgYou have new mailin/var/spool/mail/root# 验证-l 查看执行日志[rootserver1 ~16:07:18]# tail -f /var/log/cronApr716:01:01 server1 CROND[2133]:(root)CMD(rsync-avPictures server2:/roo Apr716:01:01 server1 CROND[2134]:(root)CMD(run-parts /etc/cron.hourly)Apr716:01:01 server1 run-parts(/etc/cron.hourly)[2134]: starting 0anacron Apr716:01:01 server1 run-parts(/etc/cron.hourly)[2144]: finished 0anacron Apr716:02:01 server1 CROND[2150]:(root)CMD(rsync-avPictures server2:/roo Apr716:03:02 server1 CROND[2162]:(root)CMD(rsync-avPictures server2:/roo Apr716:04:01 server1 CROND[2168]:(root)CMD(rsync-avPictures server2:/roo Apr716:05:01 server1 CROND[2176]:(root)CMD(rsync-avPictures server2# 验证-2目标服务器查看[rootserver1 ~16:07:39]# ssh server2 ls Pictures/snap-7.jpgPictures/snap-7.jpg# 默认位置[rootserver1 ~16:07:42]# cat /etc/crontabSHELL/bin/bashPATH/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binMAILTOroot# For details see man 4 crontabs# Example of job definition:# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,f# | | | | |# * * * * * user-name command to be executed步骤三 下载mailx[rootserver1 ~15:59:00]# yum install -y mailxLoaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com Resolving Dependencies --Running transaction check ---Package mailx.x86_640:12.5-19.el7 will be installed --Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies ResolvedPackage Arch Version RepositoryInstalling: mailx x86_6412.5-19.el7 base Transaction SummaryInstall1Package Total download size:245k Installed size:466k Downloading packages: mailx-12.5-19.el7.x86_64.rpm|245kB Running transaction check Running transactiontestTransactiontestsucceeded Running transaction Installing:mailx-12.5-19.el7.x86_64 Verifying:mailx-12.5-19.el7.x86_64 Installed: mailx.x86_640:12.5-19.el7 Complete!# 查找邮件[rootserver1 ~16:02:09]# mailHeirloom Mail version12.57/5/10. Type ?forhelp./var/spool/mail/root:14messages14newN1(Cron Daemon)Tue Apr715:4929/1132Cron rootserver1 rsyn N 2 (Cron Daemon) Tue Apr 7 15:50 29/1133 Cronrootserver1rsyn N3(Cron Daemon)Tue Apr715:5129/1133Cron rootserver1 rsyn N 4 (Cron Daemon) Tue Apr 7 15:52 29/1133 Cronrootserver1rsyn N5(Cron Daemon)Tue Apr715:5329/1133Cron rootserver1 rsyn N 6 (Cron Daemon) Tue Apr 7 15:54 29/1133 Cronrootserver1rsyn N7(Cron Daemon)Tue Apr715:5529/1133Cron rootserver1 rsyn N 8 (Cron Daemon) Tue Apr 7 15:56 29/1133 Cronrootserver1rsyn N9(Cron Daemon)Tue Apr715:5729/1133Cron rootserver1 rsyn N 10 (Cron Daemon) Tue Apr 7 15:58 29/1133 Cronrootserver1rsyn N11(Cron Daemon)Tue Apr715:5929/1133Cron rootserver1 rsyn N 12 (Cron Daemon) Tue Apr 7 16:00 29/1133 Cronrootserver1rsyn N13(Cron Daemon)Tue Apr716:0129/1133Cron rootserver1 rsyn N 14 (Cron Daemon) Tue Apr 7 16:02 29/1133 Cronrootserver1rsyn31Message31: Message31: From rootserver1.jiang.cloud Tue Apr716:19:012026Return-Path:rootserver1.jiang.cloudX-Original-To: root Delivered-To: rootserver1.jiang.cloud From:(Cron Daemon)rootserver1.jiang.cloudTo: rootserver1.jiang.cloud Subject: Cronrootserver1rsync-avPictures server2:/root Content-Type: text/plain;charsetUTF-8 Auto-Submitted: auto-generated Precedence: bulk X-Cron-Env:XDG_SESSION_ID40X-Cron-Env:XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/run/user/0X-Cron-Env:LANGen_US.UTF-8X-Cron-Env:SHELL/bin/shX-Cron-Env:HOME/rootX-Cron-Env:PATH/usr/bin:/binX-Cron-Env:LOGNAMErootX-Cron-Env:USERrootDate: Tue,7Apr202616:19:01 0800(CST)Status: R sending incrementalfilelist sent203bytes received17bytes440.00bytes/sec total size is12speedup is0.05q Held31messagesin/var/spool/mail/root You have mailin/var/spool/mail/root其他示例每年2月2日上午9点执行年度备份脚本0 9 2 2 * /usr/local/bin/yearly_backup7月每周五9:00-16:00每5分钟发送包含「Chime」的邮件给任务所有者*/59-16 * Jul5echoChime每个工作日周一至周五23:58执行每日报告脚本5823* *1-5 /usr/local/bin/daily_report每个工作日9:00发送邮件给老板% 表示换行后续内容为邮件正文09* *1-5mutt-sChecking inbossexample.com % Hi boss, just checking in.